NURS 6050 Agenda Comparison Grid Sample Work

Part 1

Identify the population health concern you

selected

The Opioid Epidemic

Describe the Population Health concern you selected and the factors that contribute to it.

One of the top immediate worries for American healthcare officials over the past 20 years has been the growth in opioid abuse cases. Calls for a thorough analysis of the situation and potential solutions have been driven by an exponential rise in the number of people impacted by this growing crisis and the number of deaths related to it. Today, current estimates place the number of individuals who succumb to opioid overdose at 48,000 annually in the U.S. alone (Stein & Galea, 2020, p. 138). Several contributing factors have been linked to the current state of affairs. One of the main contributing factors in the availability of opioid prescription drugs due to an increase in its endorsement as an effective pain relief medication by healthcare practitioners. In most cases, physicians fail to educate patients appropriately regarding the potential for abuse when prescribing opioid medications. Patients, particularly those struggling with chronic pain, ultimately develop tolerance to opioid medications and are unable to cease its use due to a combination of a high side-effect profile and serious withdrawal symptoms. Additionally, its

prevalence among drug users has also fueled its spread and surge among young adults in the U.S. Opioid abuse is common among heroin users who seek to compound its effects.

Administration (President Name)	Donald Trump	Barrack Obama	George Bush
Describe the	President Trump’s primary	President Obama was well aware of the	President Bush viewed the opioid crisis as
administrative agenda	focus was on robust healthcare	challenges posed by opioid abuse. Yet,	a challenge that had snowballed over time
focus related to this issue	infrastructure to confront the	healthcare advisors remained undecided	due to a lack of commitment by the
for the current and two	opioid epidemic as a major	on the most appropriate measures to	country’s leadership and inadequate
previous presidents.	public health crisis. As a result,	implement (Tucker & Fraser, 2019).	funding. His solution to this problem was
	the Trump administration	However, a widely accepted agenda	an increase in federal funding to
	focused exclusively on forming	involved raising awareness through the	initiatives which sought to address the
	public health commission to	Department of Health and Human	opioid epidemic and its ravaging effects in
	address the crisis. This	Services (HHS), government initiatives,	the U.S. The core of this campaign was a
	primarily involved creating	and awareness campaigns organized by	focus on identifying persons addicted to
	appropriate frameworks to	the Healthy People Consortium.	opioids and ensuring they receive
	reduce the number of opiate	Awareness, through patient education,	appropriate medical care. This approach
	prescriptions provided as a first-	was conducted mainly through	regarded addiction as a ‘disease’ requiring

	line drug in pain management. In 2017, an President Trump signed an executive order which declared opioid addiction a national health crisis and subsequently formed a commission to address the problem (Foreman, 2017 NURS 6050 Agenda Comparison Grid Sample Work).	telemedicine to raise awareness about opioid abuse and addiction within the U.S.	the application of innovative medical management practices. Furthermore, the Bush administration also focused on stemming the illegal drug trade in a bid to implement systematic policies to manage drug addiction in the U.S.
Identify the allocations of financial and other resources that the current and two previous presidents dedicated to this issue.	The Trump administration channeled approximately 6.2 billion U.S dollars to manage the opioid epidemic (Bryan et al., 2020). Initial efforts to manage the crisis were also coupled with efforts to introduce new drugs, chief among them being fentanyl to	The Obama administration provided 1 billion U.S dollars to initiatives geared towards raising awareness on the opioid epidemic and management opioid use disorder (Fraser & Levine, 2019, p. 465). Management efforts also focused on regulating opioid prescriptions as a first-line pain relief medication in patients with chronic pain.	The Bush administration allocated 1.6 billion dollars towards the management of the opioid crisis in the U.S (Knopf, 2015). As part of a two-pronged approach, the U.S Drug Enforcement agency also focused on the illegal distribution of prescription drugs by proposing stiff penalties and minimum-mandatory jail time for offenders.

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	manage addiction.
Explain how each of the presidential administrations approached the issue.	President Trump administration viewed the opioid epidemic as a public health crisis. Using his executive powers, Trump formed a commission to develop the most suitable intervention while lobbying Congress to implement new measures to curb opioid abuse.	The Obama administration sought to manage the opioid epidemic through improved access to healthcare. This involved the implementation of new measures by the HHS to support alternative pain management options. One such effort was the inception of the Medication-Assisted Treatment (MAT) option and collaboration with China to stem the production and illegal distribution of fentanyl.	The Bush administration developed a stern approach towards the illegal trade and distribution of drugs. This strategy was implemented by policymakers who recommended an increase in funding towards this cause while targeting drug traffickers involved in the trade.

Part 2: Agenda Comparison Grid Analysis

Administration

(President’s Name)

Donald Trump

Barrack Obama

George Bush

Which administrative

agency would most likely

The National Institute of Health

(NIH) would play a central role in

The Department of Health and Human

Services (HHS) would have played a

The U.S Drug Enforcement Agency

(DEA) would have been suited best

be responsible for helping you address the healthcare issue you selected?

the subsequent management of the opioid epidemic in the U.S. Efforts to control and manage the crisis would focus primarily on treating the condition as a disease rather than a mere addiction while attempting to develop an actionable alternative.

Public health departments would also focus on retraining healthcare workers to manage frequent drug overdose cases associated with opioid abuse.

central role in the management of the opioid crisis during the Obama era. Efforts implemented would be in tandem with the initial goal of educating the public on the dangers posed by opioid addiction and the management of opioid use disorder among individuals with the condition. The HHS is mandated to participate in public awareness initiatives and a primary reason why it is best suited to manage the condition (Nutt & Nestor, 2018, p. 189 NURS 6050 Agenda Comparison Grid Sample Work).

in the management of opioid abuse during the Bush era. The DEA is primarily involved in pursing individuals involved in illegal drug trade and trafficking (Tucker & Fraser, 2019). Such efforts would have gone a long way in reducing the flow of prescription opioids to drug dealers, thus managing distribution among potential buyers.

How do you think your selected healthcare issue might get on the agenda for the current and two

previous presidents?

Today, the opioid crisis is linked to a sharp increase in new cases of HIV/AIDS and hepatitis as a consequence of sharing needles among addicts (Engel et al., 2019,

The opioid crisis might have gotten on the agenda of the Obama administration by focusing exclusively on its effect on users through civic participation. Such efforts are normally supported by lobby

In the Bush administration, the opioid crisis would have become a major issue of concern after the subsequent implementation of collaborative efforts between parties involved in

How does it stay there?

p. 265). Furthermore, it is also linked to an increase in mortality rate among infants linked to drug use during pregnancy. This would call for a serious focus on the opioid epidemic and implementation of a presidential administrative agenda focused solely on managing the opioid epidemic.

groups, advocacy groups, interest groups, and non-governmental organizations.

Public participation would strive to address issues of particular interest raised by the community in an attempt to develop some of the most appropriate care options based on healthcare priorities.

efforts to manage the opioid epidemic. In particular, law enforcement officers would have benefitted from working with addicts in treatment centers and hospitals to stem to identify the flow of illegal drugs into the community and persons at the very center of this trade. Collaborative efforts are likely to prove beneficial in the initial management of illegal drug trade

within the U.S.

Who would you choose to be the entrepreneur/ champion/sponsor of the healthcare issue you

selected for the current

The National Institute on Drug Abuse is an ideal choice to champion efforts to manage the opioid epidemic in the U. S. This is mainly due to its involvement in

Nurses play a central and invaluable role in managing adverse conditions such as substance abuse and drug addiction.

Their involvement within the Obama administration would ensure the opioid

The Department of Justice (DoJ) is an ideal choice in combating the trade in controlled substances within the United States. Efforts to prosecute drug kingpins would be augmented

and two previous presidents?

substance abuse issues. NIDA’s involvement would go a long way in managing drug addiction by focusing on creating recovery and rehabilitation centers (Fleiz et al., 2019 NURS 6050 Agenda Comparison Grid Sample Work).

crisis is highlighted as a major public health issue requiring the meticulous application of practical management strategies to manage the issue.

by the DEA. Such efforts would go a long way in controlling the illegal trade in prescription drugs within the U.S.

Part 3: Fact Sheet/Talking Point Brief

The opioid epidemic is one of the most serious public health issues in the U.S. today stemming from the misuse of prescription medications intended for pain management. Although pharmaceutical companies initially reassured concerned parties that opioid- based pain killers did not pose a threat to public health, a sharp increase in cases of drug misuse and overdose proved otherwise.

Today, experts unanimously agree that opioid pain medications have high likelihood for abuse and are highly addictive (Sharfstein, 2017, p. 27). This has resulted in an unprecedented rise in opioid abuse, misuse, and overdose, in addition to infants with withdrawal symptoms. Policymakers in successive administrations have steadily worked to ensure emerging alternatives are implemented to manage and control the misuse of prescription drugs. The Bush administrations regarded the opioid crisis as a serious threat to the overall wellbeing of Americans, therefore warranting concerted efforts to control its spread. President Bush responded to the crisis by increasing federal funding to the DEA to aid in identifying persons responsible for the overflow of illegal prescription drugs in the community (Dasgupta, 2020). Similarly, President Obama was also cognizant of concerns raised regarding a sharp increase in opioid use during his tenure in the White House. Efforts to manage the epidemic focused solely on raising public awareness through government agencies and initiatives by the Healthy People Consortium. President Trump responded to the opioid crisis by deeming it a major public health crisis. After signing an executive order declaring it a major public health crisis in 2017, the HHS responded by developing the inaugural 5-Point Strategy to Combat the Opioid Crisis (Campana, 2017). Today, nurses are at the center of efforts to manage the opioid crisis. They participate in efforts to curb misuse of prescription medication by implementing government policy, tracking patient’s drug use, participating in patient education, and preparing them for medication cessation.

References for NURS 6050 Agenda Comparison Grid Sample Work

Bryan, M. A., Hruschak, V., Dennis, C., Rosen, D., & Cochran, G. (2020). The opioid crisis. Encyclopedia of Social Work, 5(4), 285- 302. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199975839.013.1350

Campana, R. (2017). Opioid addiction treatment. MOJ Addiction Medicine & Therapy, 3(4), 285- 302. https://doi.org/10.15406/mojamt.2017.03.00044

Dasgupta, A. (2020). Genetic factors associated with opioid therapy and opioid addiction. Fighting the Opioid Epidemic, 5(3), 61- 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820075-9.00004-1

Engel, J. P., Goodson, V. N., Toe, M., & Landen, M. (2019). Public health surveillance and the opioid crisis. A Public Health Guide to Ending the Opioid Epidemic, 14(6), 253-264. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190056810.003.0021

Fleiz, C., Villatoro, J., Dominguez, M., Bustos, M., & Medina-Mora, M. E. (2019). Opioid crisis along Mexico’s northern border: Treatment needs Mexican opioid crisis. Archives of Medical Research, 50(8), 527-https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2019.12.013

Foreman, J. (2017). The opioid mess in the United States. The Global Pain Crisis, 9(4), 449- 465. https://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190259242.003.0004

Fraser, M. R., & Levine, M. (2019). A comprehensive approach to addressing the opioid crisis. A Public Health Guide to Ending the Opioid Epidemic, 6(4), 171-180. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190056810.003.0015

Knopf, A. (2015). N.H. battles opioid crisis, focusing on state, federal initiatives. Alcoholism & Drug Abuse Weekly, 27(46), 5- 6. https://doi.org/10.1002/adaw.30408

Nutt, D. J., & Nestor, L. J. (2018). The opioid system and addiction. Oxford Medicine Online, 14(4), 121- 189. https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198797746.003.0010

Olsen, Y., & Sharfstein, J. M. (2019). The basics of opioids and opioid addiction. The Opioid Epidemic, 9(6), 35- 57. https://doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190916039.003.0002

Sharfstein, J. M. (2017). The opioid crisis from research to practice. The Milbank Quarterly, 95(1), 24- 27. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0009.12241

Stein, M. D., & Galea, S. (2020). Three notes on the opioid crisis. Pained, 4(3), 135- 138. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197510384.003.0039

Taylor, D. R. (2015). Managing patients with chronic pain and opioid addiction. Managing Patients with Chronic Pain and Opioid Addiction, 4(2), 39-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08111-3_4

Tucker, P., & Fraser, M. R. (2019). The role of public health agencies in convening partnerships and collaborations to respond to the opioid crisis. A Public Health Guide to Ending the Opioid Epidemic, 9(6), 137-https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190056810.003.0013